Coronary artery bypass surgery in Brazil: analysis of the national reality through the bypass registry

Abstract Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most frequently performed heart surgery in Brazil. Recent international guidelines recommend that national societies establish a database on the practice and results of CABG. In anticipation of the recommendation, the BYPASS Registry was introduced in 2015. Objective: To analyze the profile, risk factors and outcomes of patients undergoing CABG in Brazil, as well as to examine the predominant surgical strategy, based on the data included in the BYPASS Registry. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2292 patients undergoing CABG surgery and cataloged in the BYPASS Registry up to November 2018. Demographic data, clinical presentation, operative variables, and postoperative hospital outcomes were analyzed. Results: Patients referred to CABG in Brazil are predominantly male (71%), with prior myocardial infarction in 41.1% of cases, diabetes in 42.5%, and ejection fraction lower than 40% in 9.7%. The Heart Team indicated surgery in 32.9% of the cases. Most of the patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (87%), and cardioplegia was the strategy of myocardial protection chosen in 95.2% of the cases. The left internal thoracic artery was used as a graft in 91% of the cases; the right internal thoracic artery, in 5.6%; and the radial artery in 1.1%. The saphenous vein graft was used in 84.1% of the patients, being the only graft employed in 7.7% of the patients. The median number of coronary vessels treated was 3. Operative mortality was 2.8%, and the incidence of cerebrovascular accident was 1.2%. Conclusion: CABG data in Brazil provided by the BYPASS Registry analysis are representative of our national reality and practice. This database constitutes an important reference for indications and comparisons of therapeutic procedures, as well as to propose subsequent models to improve patient safety and the quality of surgical practice in the country.

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Brazil: Analysis of the National Reality Through the BYPASS Registry.

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most frequently performed heart surgery in Brazil. Recent international guidelines recommend that national societies establish a database on the practice and results of CABG. In anticipation of the recommendation, the BYPASS Registry was introduced in 2015. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile, risk factors and outcomes of patients undergoing CABG in Brazil, as well as to examine the predominant surgical strategy, based on the data included in the BYPASS Registry. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2292 patients undergoing CABG surgery and cataloged in the BYPASS Registry up to November 2018. Demographic data, clinical presentation, operative variables, and postoperative hospital outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients referred to CABG in Brazil are predominantly male (71%), with prior myocardial infarction in 41.1% of cases, diabetes in 42.5%, and ejection fraction lower than 40% in 9.7%. The Heart Team indicated surgery in 32.9% of the cases. Most of the patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (87%), and cardioplegia was the strategy of myocardial protection chosen in 95.2% of the cases. The left internal thoracic artery was used as a graft in 91% of the cases; the right internal thoracic artery, in 5.6%; and the radial artery in 1.1%. The saphenous vein graft was used in 84.1% of the patients, being the only graft employed in 7.7% of the patients. The median number of coronary vessels treated was 3. Operative mortality was 2.8%, and the incidence of cerebrovascular accident was 1.2%. CONCLUSION: CABG data in Brazil provided by the BYPASS Registry analysis are representative of our national reality and practice. This database constitutes an important reference for indications and comparisons of therapeutic procedures, as well as to propose subsequent models to improve patient safety and the quality of surgical practice in the country.

Clinical registry of cardiovascular surgeries in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To create and implement a computerized clinical registry to verify in the short-, medium- and long-term the mortality and the incidence of significant surgical outcomes in adult patients submitted to cardiovascular surgeries. METHODS: This is a prospective, observational registry-based study aimed at documenting the characteristics of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. RESULTS: Variables were standardized according to international references from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American College of Cardiology (ACC), Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons (MSTCVS) and the Department of Informatics of SUS (DATASUS). The standardization was performed in English with an interface in Portuguese to make the data collection easier in the institution. Quality of care indicators, surgical procedure characteristics, in addition to significant cardiovascular outcomes will be measured. Data were collected during the hospitalization until hospital discharge or at the seventh day, in thirty days, six months, twelve months and annually until completing five years. CONCLUSION: The importance of a database maintenance with international standards that can be reproducible was evidenced, allowing the evaluation of techniques and assistance and the integration of data among health institutions.

Clinical registry of cardiovascular surgeries in a university hospital

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To create and implement a computerized clinical registry to verify in the short-, medium- and long-term the mortality and the incidence of significant surgical outcomes in adult patients submitted to cardiovascular surgeries. METHODS This is a prospective, observational registry-based study aimed at documenting the characteristics of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. RESULTS Variables were standardized according to international references from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American College of Cardiology (ACC), Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons (MSTCVS) and the Department of Informatics of SUS (DATASUS). The standardization was performed in English with an interface in Portuguese to make the data collection easier in the institution. Quality of care indicators, surgical procedure characteristics, in addition to significant cardiovascular outcomes will be measured. Data were collected during the hospitalization until hospital discharge or at the seventh day, in thirty days, six months, twelve months and annually until completing five years. CONCLUSION The importance of a database maintenance with international standards that can be reproducible was evidenced, allowing the evaluation of techniques and assistance and the integration of data among health institutions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Criar e implantar um registro clínico informatizado para verificar mortalidade e incidência de desfechos cirúrgicos maiores em pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgias cardiovasculares a curto, médio e longo prazo. METODOLOGIA Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo Registro, prospectivo, que visa documentar as características dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardiovascular. RESULTADOS As variáveis foram padronizadas de acordo com referências internacionais padronizadas pela The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American College of Cardiology (ACC), The Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons (MSTCVS) e o Departamento de Informática do SUS (Datasus). A padronização foi realizada na língua inglesa com uma interface em português para facilitar a coleta de dados na instituição. Serão mensurados indicadores de qualidade de atendimento, características do procedimento cirúrgico, além dos principais desfechos cardiovasculares. Os dados serão coletados durante a internação até a alta hospitalar ou até o sétimo dia, em 30 dias, seis meses, 12 meses e anualmente até completar cinco anos. CONCLUSÃO Evidenciou-se a importância da manutenção de banco de dados com padrões internacionais que podem ser reprodutíveis, possibilitando a avaliação de técnicas e assistência integrando os dados entre instituições de saúde.

The Brazilian Registry of Adult Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery, the BYPASS Project: Results of the First 1,722 Patients.

Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systems; and 7.3% from private (out-of -pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%; for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.

The brazilian registry of adult patient undergoing cardiovascular surgery, the bypass project: results of the first 1,722 patients

Abstract Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systems; and 7.3% from private (out-of -pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%; for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.

Comparison of two technics of cardiopulmonary bypass (conventional and mini CPB) in the trans-and postoperative periods of cardiac surgery / Comparação de duas técnicas de circulação extracorpórea (convencional e mini CEC), nos períodos trans e pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to compare the effects of two different perfusion techniques: conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and miniature cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of Santa Maria - RS.Methods:We perform a retrospective, cross-sectional study, based on data collected from the patients operated between 2010 and 2013. We analyzed the records of 242 patients divided into two groups: Group I: 149 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and Group II - 93 patients undergoing the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass.Results:The clinical profile of patients in the preoperative period was similar in the cardiopulmonary bypass and miniature cardiopulmonary bypass groups without significant differences, except in age, which was greater in the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass group. The perioperative data were significant of blood collected for autotransfusion, which were higher in the group with miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than the cardiopulmonary bypass and in transfusion of packed red blood cells, which was higher in cardiopulmonary bypass than in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass. In the immediate, first and second postoperative period the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin were higher and significant in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than in the cardiopulmonary bypass, although the bleeding in the first and second postoperative days was higher and significant in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than in the cardiopulmonary bypass.Conclusion:The present results suggest that the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass was beneficial in reducing the red blood cell transfusion during surgery and showed slight but significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin in the postoperative period.

ResumoObjetivo:Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos de duas técnicas de perfusão diferentes: convencional (CEC) e mini (MCEC) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria - RS.Métodos:Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, transversal, baseado em dados coletados dos pacientes operados entre 2010 e 2013. Foram analisados ​​os registros de 242 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I - 149 pacientes submetidos à circulação extracorpórea e Grupo II - 93 pacientes submetidos à minicirculação extracorpórea.Resultados:O perfil clínico dos pacientes no pré-operatório foi semelhante nos grupos circulação extracorpórea e minicirculação extracorpórea sem diferenças significativas, exceto na idade, maior no grupo minicirculação extracorpórea. Os dados perioperatórios foram significativos de sangue coletadas para autotransfusão, que foram maiores no grupo com minicirculação extracorpórea do que a circulação extracorpórea e na transfusão de concentrado de hemácias, superior em circulação extracorpórea do que em minicirculação extracorpórea. Nos valores pós-operatório imediato, primeiro e segundo, os níveis de hematócrito e da hemoglobina foram maiores e significativos na minicirculação extracorpórea que no circulação extracorpórea, embora o sangramento no primeiro e segundo dias pós-operatórios tenha sido maior e significativo no minicirculação extracorpórea que no circulação extracorpórea.Conclusão:Os resultados sugerem que a minicirculação extracorpórea foi benéfica em reduzir a transfusão de células vermelhas do sangue durante a cirurgia e houve discreta, mas significativa, elevação do hematócrito e hemoglobina no pós-operatório.

Comparison of two technics of cardiopulmonary bypass (conventional and mini CPB) in the trans-and postoperative periods of cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of two different perfusion techniques: conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and miniature cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of Santa Maria--RS. METHODS: We perform a retrospective, cross-sectional study, based on data collected from the patients operated between 2010 and 2013. We analyzed the records of 242 patients divided into two groups: Group I: 149 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and Group II - 93 patients undergoing the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: The clinical profile of patients in the preoperative period was similar in the cardiopulmonary bypass and miniature cardiopulmonary bypass groups without significant differences, except in age, which was greater in the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass group. The perioperative data were significant of blood collected for autotransfusion, which were higher in the group with miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than the cardiopulmonary bypass and in transfusion of packed red blood cells, which was higher in cardiopulmonary bypass than in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass. In the immediate, first and second postoperative period the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin were higher and significant in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than in the cardiopulmonary bypass, although the bleeding in the first and second postoperative days was higher and significant in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than in the cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass was beneficial in reducing the red blood cell transfusion during surgery and showed slight but significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin in the postoperative period.

Impact of autologous blood transfusion on the use of pack of red blood cells in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of Cell Saver autologous blood transfusion system (CS) on the use of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study in 87 patients undergoing primary elective CABG with miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (miniCPB), divided in two groups: 44 without-CS and 43 with-CS. We investigated the necessity of absolute use and the volume of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in each group, as well as cardiovascular risk factors, presurgical variables and intraoperative surgical parameters. All data were collected from medical records and there was no randomization or intervention on group selection. Statistical analysis was performed with Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and χ² test, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of cardiovascular risk factors and pre and intraoperative variables. Evaluating the absolute use of pRBC during surgery, there was a statistically significant difference (P=0.00008) between the groups without-CS (21/44 cases; 47.7%) and with-CS (4/43 cases; 9.3%). There was also a statistically significant difference (P=0.000117) in the volumes of pRBC between the groups without-CS (198.651258.65 ml) and with-CS (35.061125.67 ml). On the other hand, in the early postoperative period (up to 24h) there was no difference regarding either the absolute use or the volumes of pRBC between both studied groups. CONCLUSION: Autologous erythrocyte transfusion with CS use reduces the use of intraoperative homologous pRBC in coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries associated with miniCPB.

Impact of autologous blood transfusion on the use of pack of red blood cells in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery / Impacto da transfusão autóloga no uso de concentrado de hemácias em cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of Cell Saver autologous blood transfusion system (CS) on the use of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study in 87 patients undergoing primary elective CABG with miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (miniCPB), divided in two groups: 44 without-CS and 43 with-CS. We investigated the necessity of absolute use and the volume of packed red blood cells (pRBC) in each group, as well as cardiovascular risk factors, presurgical variables and intraoperative surgical parameters. All data were collected from medical records and there was no randomization or intervention on group selection. Statistical analysis was performed with Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and χ² test, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of cardiovascular risk factors and pre and intraoperative variables. Evaluating the absolute use of pRBC during surgery, there was a statistically significant difference (P=0.00008) between the groups without-CS (21/44 cases; 47.7%) and with-CS (4/43 cases; 9.3%). There was also a statistically significant difference (P=0.000117) in the volumes of pRBC between the groups without-CS (198.651258.65ml) and with-CS (35.061125.67ml). On the other hand, in the early postoperative period (up to 24h) there was no difference regarding either the absolute use or the volumes of pRBC between both studied groups. CONCLUSION: Autologous erythrocyte transfusion with CS use reduces the use of intraoperative homologous pRBC in coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries associated with miniCPB.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do sistema de autotransfusão com hemoconcentração (SAH) no uso de concentrado de hemácias (CH) em cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal, que incluiu 87 pacientes submetidos a CRM eletiva primária com miniCEC, sendo 44 sem uso do SAH e 43 pacientes com uso do SAH. Foi investigada a necessidade de uso e o volume de CH em cada grupo, bem como fatores de risco cardiovascular, variáveis pré-operatórias e parâmetros cirúrgicos transoperatórios por meio de coleta de dados em prontuários. Não houve randomização ou intervenção na seleção dos grupos. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes t de Student, teste U de Mann-Whitney, teste do qui-quadrado, com um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Em relação a fatores de risco cardiovascular e variáveis pré e transoperatórias, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os dois grupos. Quando se avaliou o uso absoluto de CH no transoperatório, houve diferença estatística significativa (P=0,00008) entre os grupos sem-SAH (21/44 casos; 47,7%) e com-SAH (4/43 casos; 9,3%). Na análise dos volumes de CH utilizado no transoperatório, também houve diferença significativa (P=0,000117) entre os volumes utilizados no grupo sem-SAH (198,651258,65 ml) e com-SAH (35,061125,67 ml). Já no pós-operatório imediato (até 24 horas), não houve diferença tanto no uso absoluto como nos volumes de CH entre os grupos que usaram ou não o SAH. CONCLUSÃO: A autotransfusão de hemácias possibilitada pelo uso do SAH determina menor uso de CH homólogo no transoperatório de CRM com uso de miniCEC.

Complicações no pós-operatório em cirurgia cardíaca: diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem / Cardiac surgery postoperative: diagnosis and nursing interventions / Complicaciones en el pos-operatorio en cirugía cardiaca: diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería

Objetivo: realizar um levantamento dos estudos referentes às principais complicações em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e principais diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados. Metodologia: estudo descritivo que para a seleção dos artigos optou-se pelas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS e MEDLINE. Os descritores foram: pós-operatório, cirurgia cardíaca; diagnósticos de enfermagem. Consideraram-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados no Brasil no período de 1997 a 2007; artigos sobre complicações do pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca; artigos sobre diagnósticos de enfermagem no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca padronizados pela NANDA. Os artigos selecionados foram distribuídos em categorias. Resultados: foram definidas as seguintes categorias: categoria I - Complicações no pós-operatório em cirurgia cardíaca; e categoria II - Os diagnósticos de enfermagem no pós-operatório em cirurgia cardíaca. Fez-se a relação principais complicações pós-operatórias ­ fisiologia e/ou semiologia da complicação ­ diagnósticos de enfermagem ­ intervenções de enfermagem, a qual foi apresentada em quadros sinópticos. A seguir, propôs um plano de intervenções de enfermagem. Conclusão: Apesar da complexidade do desenvolvimento do plano de enfermagem, ressalta-se a qualidade da assistência prestada, a necessidade de estudos clínicos referentes às complicações e ao cenário pós-operatório e o raciocínio lógico centrado em informações científicas, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento e engrandecimento da enfermagem.(AU)

Objective: to conduct a survey of the studies regarding the main postoperative complications in cardiac surgery and main nursing diagnoses identified. Methodology: this is a descriptive study that to select the papers, the following databases were used: SCIELO, LILACS and MEDLINE. The descriptors were: postoperative, cardiac surgery, nursing diagnoses. The following inclusion criteria have been considered: papers published in Brazil from 1997 to 2007, papers on postoperative complications in cardiac surgery in adults, papers using the diagnoses standardized by NANDA. The selected papers were distributed into categories. Results: the following categories have been defined: category I ­ Complications in the postoperative in cardiac surgery; and category II ­ Nursing diagnoses in postoperative in cardiac surgery. The relation among the main postoperative complications has been made ­ physiology and/or semiology of the complication ­ nursing diagnoses ­ nursing interventions, which has been presented through synoptic. Later, a nursing intervention plan has been proposed. Conclusion: in despite of the complexity of the development of a nursing plan, it is highlighted the assistance rendered, the necessity of clinical studies regarding complications and the postoperative scenario, and the logical thinking focused on scientific information contributing for knowledge construction and nursing improvement.(AU)

Objetivo: realizar un levantamiento de los estudios referentes a las principales complicaciones en el pos-operatorio de cirugía cardiaca y principales diagnósticos de enfermería identificados. Metodología: el estudio es descriptivo cuya selección de los artículos se hizo opción por las siguientes bases de datos: SCIELO, LILACS y MEDLINE. Los descriptores fueron: pos-operatorio, cirugía cardiaca, diagnósticos de enfermería. Se consideraron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en Brasil en el periodo de 1997 a 2007, artículos sobre complicaciones del pos-operatorio de cirugía cardiaca, artículos que utilizan los diagnósticos de enfermería por patrones de NANDA. Los artículos seleccionados fueron distribuidos en categorías. Resultados: fueron definidas las siguientes categorías: categoría I ­ Complicaciones en el posoperatorio en cirugía cardiaca; y categoría II ­ Los diagnósticos de enfermería en el pos-operatorio en cirugía cardiaca. Se hizo la relación de las principales complicaciones pos-operatorias ­ fisiología y/o semiología de la complicación ­ diagnósticos de enfermería ­ intervenciones de enfermería, la que fue presentada a través de cuadros sinópticos. A seguir, se propuso un plan de intervenciones de enfermería. Conclusión: a pesar de la complexidad del desarrollo de un plan de enfermería, se resalta la calidad de la asistencia prestada, la necesidad de estudios clínicos concernientes a las complicaciones y al escenario pos-operatorio y el raciocinio lógico centrado en informaciones científicas, pretendiéndose así la contribución para la construcción del conocimiento y enaltecimiento de la enfermería.(AU)